# get the solution

## An Introduction to create exams with the R exams package

on Regards: R;

The exams package for the R statistics software provides functions to create exams. You can export your exams to different formats, like pdf, docx or moodle import files. The exams are written in Sweave files (.Rnw), which combine R code and Latex code. If you don’t like Latex, you can also use Markdown (.Rmd). It is much easier to start with the exams package if you write small exercises instead of exam tasks.

In this article I want to give you a short introduction on how to write such exams and exercises. I will be focusing on Rnw files, which use Latex. You can write these files the way you like, but you have to use some special commands and environments. These are needed to give the interpreter of the exams package the necessary information to create the exams and export them correctly.

## Basic structure

Every exam consists of a question and a solution. You need to encapsulate these two in Latex environments like this:

\begin{question}
What is the sum of 3 and 5?
\end{question}
\begin{solution}
The sum of 3 and 5 is 8.
\end{solution}

There are different types of questions/answers: like multiple choice questions (with multiple correct answers) or single choice questions. For the question above we would expect a single number as answer. For multiple choice or single choice questions you should use the answerlist function in the question and solution environment. The exam can then be displayed differently in a Moodle platform or in a PDF file. See this example:

\begin{question}
What is the sum of 3 and 5?
<<echo=FALSE, results=tex>>=
@
\end{question}
\begin{solution}
The sum of 3 and 5 is 8. Hence the answer options were
<<echo=FALSE, results=tex>>=
@
\end{solution}

Basically you can use every R and Latex command you like to design your exam.

If you use the exams2pdf(“myfile.Rnw”) command to export the exam as a PDF, the file is read by Sweave. The R commands will be executed and the result is a latex file. Then a template is applied on the Latex file. If you want to export the exam to an other format, an other template may be used. For exams2pdf the template plain.tex is used. If you want to see it, you could download the source of the exams package and have a look at the exams/inst/tex/ directory. In this template you can also see how the solution and question evironment is declared. If you are more interested at the different files created in the export process, use the verbose parameter of exams2pdf.

Last but not least, you have to define some special commands, to store information about your exam. For instance, which answers are correct or what question type you used. These commands are typically at the bottom of your Rnw file:

%% META-INFORMATION
%% \extype{schoice}
%% \exsolution{1000}
%% \exname{Simple addition}

This were the basic commands you should use to design your exams. It is also recommended to use commands like mchoice2string etc from the exams package in the meta information section. You will learn about these commands if you read a lot of examples and tutorials on r-exams.org. Unfortunately these commands sometimes make the exams quite hard to read.

But I didn’t mention the real power of such exams yet: you can use random numbers for your exam/exercise. For instance, you could pick two random numbers and ask for the sum of them.

<<echo=FALSE, results=tex>>=
firstNumber = sample(1:20, 1);
secondNumber = sample(1:20, 1);
sum = firstNumber + secondNumber;
@
\begin{question}
What is the sum of \Sexpr{firstNumber} and \Sexpr{secondNumber}?
\end{question}
\begin{solution}
The sum of \Sexpr{firstNumber} and \Sexpr{secondNumber} is \Sexpr{sum}.
\end{solution}
%% META-INFORMATION
%% \extype{num}
%% \exsolution{\Sexpr{sum}}
%% \exname{Simple addition}

It is also recommended to change the order of the answers when using multiple/single choice questions.